We have studied the relationship between pulse synchronous baroreceptor input (represented by the arterial pulse, AP) and the cardiac-related rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of urethan-anesthetized cats by using partial autospectral and partial coherence analysis. Partial autospectral analysis was used to mathematically remove the portion of SND that can be directly attributed to th...

This paper presents two domain specific programming environments made for extending Snd: EvalC and Snd-Rt. Eval-C and Snd-Rt add another set of pragmatic and practical solutions for working with music programming in Snd, from very low level to very high level, and both in realtime and non-realtime. The software synthesizer program “San-Dysth” is also presented, since its programmed using Snd-Rt...

The identification of nearly a dozen ion channel genes involved in the genesis of human atrial and ventricular arrhythmias has been critical for the diagnosis and treatment of fatal cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, very little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human sinus node dysfunction (SND). Here, we report a genetic and molecular mechanism for human SND. W...

OBJECTIVES The standard surgical treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lobectomy with systematic nodal dissection (SND). Lobe-specific patterns of nodal metastases have been recognized, and lobe-specific SND (L-SND) has been reported. We performed L-SND depending on patient-related factors, such as age or the presence of diabetes or respiratory dysfunction, or in the...

Acute heat stress activates visceral sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in young rats, and the functional integrity of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is required for sustaining visceral sympathoexcitation during peak increases in internal body temperature (T(c)). However, RVLM mechanisms mediating SND activation to hyperthermia remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the ...

A double toxin-double lesion strategy is well-known to generate a rat model of striatonigral degeneration (SND) such as multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type. However, with this model it is difficult to distinguish SND from Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we propose a new rat model of SND, which is generated by simultaneous injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain b...

Proinflammatory cytokines and acute physical stress influence sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). Because interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) produces physiological responses that require central neural integration and because the sympathetic nervous system mediates physiological responses to environmental stress, we hypothesized that IL-1 beta modulates SND responses to acute physical stress. Theref...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) is an important synaptic relay in the baroreceptor reflex pathway controlling sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of urethan-anesthetized cats. We determined the effects of blockade of excitatory amino acid-mediated neurotransmission in the LTF on three indexes of baroreceptor reflex function: cardiac-...